Bahlophisi ba hloahloa ba khetha sehlahisoa se seng le se seng seo re se hlahlobang.Re ka fumana khomishene haeba u reka ka sehokelo.Re leka lisebelisoa joang.
POP Projects ke pokello ea merero e mecha ea khale ho tsoa ho mekhanics e tsebahalang ea lilemo tse fetang lekholo. Itse ka boqhetseke, fumana likhothaletso tsa lisebelisoa, 'me haholo-holo, ikahele ea hau.
Balemi ba lirapa ba bangata ba ka mor'a ntlo ba qala ho lema limela ka matlung qetellong ea mariha kapa mathoasong a selemo pele boemo ba leholimo bo futhumala.Empa tsela e molemohali ea ho qala limela bakeng sa temo ea lirapa tsa selemo le ho atolosa nako ea ho hōla ho fihlela mariha ke ho sebelisa sethopo sa ka mor'a ntlo.Moqapi oa rona ke 6-by. -8-maoto a sebopeho se seholo ho lekana ho ts'oara limela tse ngata, leha ho le joalo li kopane ka ho lekana ho lekana lijarete tse nyane haholo. Hape ho bonolo ho aha, ho hloka tsebo ea mantlha ea ho etsa mapolanka le lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang habonolo. U ka e etsa ka tse seng kae. mafelo a beke.
Litsenyehelo tsa thepa ea ho haha sethopo sa rona ke hoo e ka bang $ 1,200. Seo se phahame ho feta li-greenhouses tse seng li kopane, empa thepa ea rona e tšepahala ho feta leha e le efe ea 'ho arohana'; Ho feta moo, ena e ka etsoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng. Re kenyelletsa benche ea lipitsa, sethala sa semela se ka holimo le mokatong o ka holimo, empa o ka eketsa kapa oa fokotsa likarolo kamoo u bonang ho loketse. Ho sa tsotellehe hore na u setsebi sa lirapa kapa u sa tsoa qala, matlo a rona a limela a tla atolosa bokhoni ba hau ba ho lema le mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tseo u ka li jalang lapeng.
Pele ho tšela likotoana tse peli tsa mapolanka a nang le khatello ea 4 × 6 ho bolelele ba limithara tse 8, 'me u tšele likotoana tse ling tse peli tsa 4 × 6 ho bolelele ba limithara tse 6. Tšoaea manonyeletso a halofo 1 3⁄4″ tebileng x 5 1⁄ 2″ bophara ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a mapolanka a mane. Beha sakha e chitja ho botebo ba sehiloeng sa lisenthimithara tse 1 3⁄4 'me u etse likhahla tse nepahetseng tsa mahetla a 5 1⁄2 ka lehong ho tloha pheletsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 4x6s. beha sakha ka botebo bo boholo ba sehiloeng ebe u seha lerameng ho tloha pheletsong ea patsi [1].
Fetola patsi 'me u khaole lerama le leng ho ea ka lehlakoreng le leng. Ho qeta halofo ea serope, khaola likotoana tsa ho qetela tsa patsi e setseng ka lisakha kapa sakha ea matsoho. Pheta halofo e sehiloeng ka lehlakoreng le leng la likotoana tse 'nè ea mapolanka.Mohaho oa maoto a 6 × 8. Motheo oa foreimi ea lepolanka o nang le manonyeletso a fetang halofo ea serope hukung ka 'ngoe. Lekanya diagonal, hlahloba hore foreime ea motheo e na le lisekoere, 'me u lokise ha ho hlokahala; ebe u tiisa lenonyeletso le leng le le leng la halofo ka likurufu tse peli tse bolelele ba 3 1⁄2-inch [2].
Mohahong ona, o tla etsa li-trusses tsa marulelo tse etsang marulelo a sethopo ho nolofatsa mokhoa oa ho etsa moralo.Tlase e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le marako a mabeli a marulelo a nang le mahlakore a mabeli le thae e rapameng. trusses.Qala ka ho seha maballo a leshome a 2×4 ho isa ho bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 52 1⁄2. Behela bokaholimo ba rafter ka 'ngoe ho likhato tse 40; tlohela sekoere se ka tlase.Ka mor'a moo, lekanya lisenthimithara tse 2 1⁄2 ho tloha tlase ho maballo 'me u sehe notch e nyenyane e bitsoang ho khaola molomo.
Hape, lekanya lisenthimithara tse 25 1⁄2 ho tloha karolong e ka holimo ea rafter e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'me u sehe bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 3⁄4 x 1 1⁄2 inch e bophara ba lisenthimithara tse ka holimo ho moeli o mong le o mong.Sebelisa jigsaw ho khaola mahlakoreng a groove. 3⁄4″ e tebileng, ebe u sebelisa hamore le 1 1⁄2″ chisel e pharaletseng ho ratha li-blocks tsa mapolanka. Hang ha truss e kentsoe, linotlolo tsena li tla amohela likhoele tsa 1×2.
Ho kopanya truss, butle lipheletsong tse nang le likhato tse 40 tsa rafters tse peli hammoho. Ebe u kopanya 'me u sothe ka lisenthimithara tse 1⁄2. Plywood e phunya marakong a pakeng tsa maballo [3].(Re ile ra sebelisa sekhomaretsi se mosehla se trim ho pholletsa le morero. ) Sireletsa li-gussets ka lisenthimithara tse 1 1⁄4. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng. Pheta mehato e ka holimo bakeng sa lipara tse 'nè tse setseng tsa marang-rang.
Bakeng sa e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea li-trusses tse tharo tse bohareng, khaola seqha sa 1 × 4 ho isa ho lisenthimithara tse 60. Bevel pheletsong e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea seqha ho likhato tse 50 'me ue khomarele marapeng ka lisenthimithara tse 1 5/8. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng [4]. ea li-trusses tse peli tsa gable, khaola maqhama a 2 × 4 ho bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 56; bevel ntlha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho likhato tse 50. Beha thae e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e le bohareng 'me u phunyeletse ka marang-rang, ebe u e phunya sebakeng ka lisenthimithara tse 2. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng.
Karolong e ka morao ea gable qetellong, eketsa li-blocks tse tharo tse nyenyane tse 2 × 4. Beha e le 'ngoe k'honeng e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka tlaase, pakeng tsa maballo le thae [5], le e 'ngoe tlas'a gusset sekhutlong se ka holimo. li-vents tse sebetsang.Ka li-trusses tse ka pele tsa gable, kenya li-blocks tse peli tse 13 5/8" tse telele tse otlolohileng tse 2 × 4. Bevel karolo e ka holimo ea boloko ho likhato tse 40 'me u behe karolo e ka tlaase hore e kene hantle ka har'a thae ea 2 × 4. Tsena li-blocks tse peli li fana ka tšehetso e tiileng bakeng sa liphanele tsa polycarbonate.
Sebelisa 1x3s tse tšeletseng ho etsa foreimi bakeng sa masoba.Seha bokaholimo ba 1×3 ho isa ho 8 1⁄4 lisenthimithara tse bolelele le tlase 1×3 ho isa ho 36 3/8 lisenthimithara; lisekoere lipheletsong tsa sengoathoana se seng le se seng.Ka mor'a moo, khaola likarolo tse peli tse khutšoanyane tsa mahlakoreng ho bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 4 1/8, u phunyeletse lipheletsong tsa tsona tse ka holimo ka likhato tse 40. Qetellong, khaola likarolo tse peli tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli ho 17 1/8 lisenthimithara tse telele; sefaha pheletsong ka 'ngoe ea likarolo tse peli ho likhato tse 40.
Bokella likarolo tsa moea, ebe sekhomaretsi le screw ho 1⁄2″. Li-gussets tsa plywood li fetisoa ka maqhama a ka holimo [6] le ka manonyeletso a k'honeng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka tlaase ho bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 1 1⁄4. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng.
Ho etsa lemati la sethopo le bophara ba 24 5/16″ x 76 3⁄4″ bophahamo, qala ka ho khaola makhoa a mabeli a 1x3 a emeng ho isa ho 76 3⁄4″ bolelele. Ka mor'a moo, khaola liporo tse tharo tse tšekaletseng ho 19 5/16 bolelele ba lisenthimithara; khaola hlooho le liporo tse bohareng ho tloha ho 1 × 3 le seporo sa tlase ho tloha 1 × 4.
Ke ile ka kopanya likarolo tsa foreimi ea monyako ho sebelisa li-connectors tsa boto ho khaola li-slots bakeng sa ho hatella li-biscuit splines tsa beech. , a kenya dikuku, mme a tlamella foreime mmoho [7].Ha o sena sehokedi sa boto, sekgomaretsi le screw ka 1⁄2″.Plywood gusset 1 1⁄4 in. mose ho seam.Dikurufu tse kgabisang.Letla sekgomaretsi pheko ka bosiu bo le bong.
Mabota a mane a sethopo a entsoe ka 2 × 4. Khaola lipoleiti tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase (lipoleiti tse ka tlaase) tsa marako a mahlakoreng ka bobeli ho bolelele ba 8. Bakeng sa lerako le ka morao, khaola liphanele tse ka holimo le tse ka tlaase ho lisenthimithara tse 65. E latelang, seha lithupa tse hlano tsa 2×4 bakeng sa lebota le leng le le leng la mahlakoreng le lithupa tse ’nè bakeng sa lebota le ka morao, ho isa ho lisenthimithara tse 65 1⁄4. Ho kopanya lebota, khanna li-trim tse peli tsa 3″ ka holim’a poleiti e ka holimo le e ka tlaase le ka har’a lerako ka leng [8] .
Ho etsa foreimi ea lerako le ka pele le kenyelletsang ho buloa ha monyako, o tla hloka likotoana tse leshome tsa 2 × 4: khaola poleiti e ka tlase ho lisenthimithara tse 65, ebe u khaola lipoleiti tse peli tse peli tse 2 × 4. Letlapa le leng le le leng le le leng le le leng le na le 18 5/8 e le 'ngoe. -in.-long 2×4 le e le 'ngoe 17 3⁄4-in.-long 2×4. Ka mor'a moo, khaola lithupa tse peli tsa lebota ho 65 1⁄4″ bolelele le liboutu tse peli ho 75 3⁄4″ (Trim bolts foromo ho buleha ho thata bakeng sa lemati.) Qetellong, khaola e le 'ngoe 27 3⁄4″.- Hlooho e telele ea 2 × 4 ea nakoana e phunyeletsang ka holim'a "trimmer stud". sehokedi.Tlatsa letheba le tiileng la mmala dikarolong tsohle tsa karolo ka nngwe o sebedisa pente ya pente [9]. Tlohela setheba se omelle bosiu bo le bong.
Ho etsa sena ho liforeimi tsa lebota pele u li emisa ho tla u bolokela nako le mathata. li-seams tsohle li tsamaisana le bohareng ba li-studs, empa u tlohele 1 / 8 inch. Lekhalo la ho atolosa pakeng tsa liphanele.Tiisa liphanele tsa polycarbonate leboteng la foreimi ka lisenthimithara tse 1 1⁄4. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng li arohane ka lisenthimithara tse ka bang 16.
Tsamaisa liphanele tsa polycarbonate pheletsong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea foreime ea lebota [10], ebe u sebelisa router e nang le sekoaelo sa flush ho khaola polycarbonate [11] Routa e fana ka tsela e potlakileng le e nepahetseng ea ho kuta polycarbonate, empa haeba ha u na router, beha phanele ea polycarbonate sebakeng, tšoaea moo e koahelang foreimi ea lebota, 'me u sebelise sakha e chitja kapa jigsaw.
Beha motheo oa foreimi ea lehong fatše 'me u sebelise maoto a 4. boemo ba ho tiisa hore bophara le bolelele ba eona li rapaletse.Haeba ho hlokahala, cheka kapa u bokelle mobu o ka tlaase ho fihlela foreimi e lekana.E latelang, phunya masoba 1⁄2″ ka hare. bophara ka foreime ea lehong, hoo e ka bang 24″ ho arohana.Sebelisa selei se senyenyane ho khanna 1⁄2″ bophara x 18″ rebar e telele ka lesoba ho ea mobung [12].Sebono se tla thibela motheo ho tsamaea foreimi ea lehong e nang le lesela la naha; ebe u eketsa li-inch tse 3 tsa lehlohlojane kapa mulch ea makhapetla ho etsa fatše.
Kenya lerako la precast, ho qala ka le leng la marako a mahlakoreng ka lisenthimithara
Phahamisa lerako le ka morao, thellela pakeng tsa marako a mabeli a mahlakoreng, 'me u tiise hore lerako le otlolohile.Sekella lebota le ka morao motheong ka lisenthimithara tse 3. Li-screws tsa Drywall, ebe ka li-studs tse karolong e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lebota le ka morao ho mabota a mahlakoreng [ 15]; sebaka sa li-screw ka lisenthimithara tse 16. Pheta ho kenya lerako le ka pele [16]. Ebe u sebelisa sakha ea matsoho kapa sakha e lekanang ho seha sekoahelo sa motheo sa 2×4 ka sill ea lemati.
Lithako tsa marulelo li ile tsa eketsoa ka ho leketlisa litšepe tse ka morao tsa gable sebakeng se ka holimo ho lebota le ka morao [17].Lulahanya truss le ntlha e ka ntle ea lerako 'me u khanne lisenthimithara tse 3. Trim e kena ka holim'a letlapa le ka hare ho molomo. 6 setšoantšo [19].
Beha terata e ka pele ea gable holim'a lebota le ka pele 'me u e sekamise sebakeng sa eona [20].Drive 3 inches. Drywall e phunyeletsoa ka har'a rafter e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka holim'a poleiti e ka holimo, ebe ho hokelloa li-trusses tse peli tsa 3″. Metal L-bracket. Thread borakete holim'a sekoahelo sa "trimmer stud" le "screw" thae ea 2x4 [21].
Pele o hokela liphanele tsa marulelo a polycarbonate, beha likhoele tsa 1 × 2 ka har'a li-grooves moeling o kaholimo oa rafter e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Sireletsa likhoele tsa mahetla ka ho khanna 1 5/8 ″. ].Ebe o kenya boloko ba 2 × 4 pakeng tsa para e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea marako [23] ho koala sebaka pakeng tsa phanele e ka holimo le karolo e ka tlaase ea marulelo a polycarbonate.
Tlama liphanele tsa polycarbonate ho li-rafters tse nang le lisenthimithara tse 1 1⁄4. Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng, tse 16 ″ ka thōko [24].Tsoela pele ho kenya liphanele holim'a marako a mahlakoreng a mabeli a marulelo, ho siea 1/8″. Lekhalo pakeng tsa phanele ka 'ngoe. Hang likarolo tsohle tsa marulelo li le teng, sebelisa khatello e tšoaroang 1 × 8 le 1 × 10 ho etsa li-ridge caps, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 99. Ntlha ea pele, sebelisa sesepa se chitja kapa saha ea tafole ho hahola lisenthimithara tse 1 × 10 ho isa ho tse 8. Joale bevel bevel ea likhato tse 10 moeling o le mong oa 1 × 8. Sotha liboto tse peli hammoho ho beha sekoahelo sa mokokotlo holim'a marulelo a sethopo. E tšoare sebakeng ka ho khanna 1 5/8 ″. 25].
Ho thusa ho theha marulelo a leholimo a leholimo, sebelisa sefaha se sa khaotseng sa silicone sealant ho seams pakeng tsa liphanele tsa polycarbonate. Ebe u koahela sekoahelo se seng le se seng ka 1 × 2 slat [26]. Sireletsa li-slats ka 1 5 / 8 ". Trim head screws 16 lisenthimithara tse arohaneng.Pheta mokhoa oa ho sebelisa li-battens ho li-seams tse otlolohileng tsa marako a sethopo.
Kenya sekoahelo sa 1 × 4 ho pota-pota monyako oa monyako, ebe u fanyeha lemati ka lihokelo tse peli tse koalang [27]. foreimi le 2×4 thae [28].
Bakeng sa masakaneng a mararo a bencheng bakeng sa benche ea lipitsa, khaola mabakete a mabeli a tšekaletseng a 21 1⁄4″ a malelele a 1×4 le a 25 3⁄4″ a malelele a 2×4. Fokotsa ntlha e le 'ngoe ea 1x4 ho isa ho likhato tse 45 le lipheletsong tsa 2x4s tse tharo ho ea ho likhato tse 45. Sekhomaretsi 'me u screw a 1 × 4 lehlakoreng le leng le le leng la 2 × 4 ho theha tšehetso ea diagonal ea 45. (U tla sebelisa li-screws tsa trim tse 1 5/8-inch bencheng ea potting. ) Tsamaisa borakete e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ntseng e hlongoa holim'a e 'ngoe ea lithupa tse ka thōko. ho phunyeletsa karolong e ka tlaase e kentsoeng ka tlaase ea borakete le ho kena moeling oa lebota.
Kaha ha ho na mokhoa oa ho hokela li-brackets ho li-splint pheletsong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea marako a mahlakoreng, phunya lekhalo la 1 × 4 ho li-studs tse ka pele le tse ka morao. 35 1⁄4 lisenthimithara. motheong.Tsena li tšehetsa 1×4 potting slats.
Sebelisa li-slats tse 'nè tsa 96" tse telele tsa 1 × 4 ho etsa bokaholimo ba benche ea lipitsa. Hlakola li-slats ka har'a bracket e ntseng e phahama 'me u qhekelle 1⁄2″ ka thōko, ebe u li sireletsa ka 1 1⁄4″ . Li-screws tse khabisitsoeng [30].
Qetella bokahare ba sethopo sa sethopo ka ho kenya lipalo tse ka holimo bakeng sa limela le libaskete. Seha 1⁄2″ kotopo ea tšepe e bophara ba 94″. Etsa lesoba la 1⁄2″ x 1″ sekoti se tebileng karolong e ka pele ea 2×4. le li-trusses tse ka morao tsa gable. Beha lesoba 12″ ho tloha pheletsong ea thae.Senya kotopo ka sekoting ebe u e tiisa ka tlas'a thae e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea 1 × 4 ka khoele ea conduit [31].
Bakeng sa foreimi ea mokato, khaola li-inch tse peli tsa 2×4 x 72. Ka li-joists le tse hlano 2×4 x 20 1⁄2 in.Floor joists.Tiisa li-joists tsa fatše pakeng tsa li-strip joists tse peli ka lisenthimithara tse 3. 1/8 lisenthimithara tse arohaneng, ho etsa foreimi ea mekato.Beha foreimi ka pel'a monyako 'me ue khomarele motheong oa foreimi ea lehong ka lisenthimithara tse' nè 3 1⁄2. Li-screws tsa mohaho.Tsehetsa likhutlo tse peli tse ka ntle tsa foreimi ea mokato ka li-blocks tsa konkreite. kapa lipeo tse nang le khatello ea maikutlo ho boloka boemo ba mekato.
Khaola likotoana tse 'nè tsa 5 / 4-inch.x lisenthimithara tse 6. Mohatla o tšoaroang ka khatello ho bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 72. Beha fatše holim'a foreimi ea fatše ka 1⁄2″ ka linako tse ling [32]. Li-screws tse khabisang. Joale, ka sethopo sa hau se felletse, tlisa limela 'me u li shebelle ha li ntse li hōla!
Nako ea poso: Jul-14-2022